Caching
Nowadays, some providers and almost all cellular operators cache traffic. This saves resources and uplinks, so as not to pass the same traffic through the main channels.
But why do you need caching if the content, when requested again, is likely to be requested from the operator”s network?
And there is no need to build a new infrastructure at all.
CDN
A content delivery system (CDN) is used mainly for the delivery of “heavy” content (content using large data files): music, videos, game images (steam) in order to decrease the load on the main server and reduce the response time. CDN servers are installed in different countries and/or regions and perform the function of load balancing.
These servers need to be maintained. They need to be configured, and they cannot dynamically increase their throughput capacity.
Lack of communication channels
Providers of the last mile are ready to provide channels of 1 Gigabites, and even the network inside the city can pump such load. But there is a problem: The main channel from the city is not designed for such load, and the channel expansion costs several millions.
Of course, this problem is solved by P2P services; it is enough to have at least one source of content in the city (previously downloaded through the main channel), and all will have access to the content at the maximum speed of the local network (intracity).
No extra servers in the network
Today, the provider networks usually feature servers like Google CDN (/Youtube), Yandex CDN/peering, DPI and other specific CDN/caching servers that are used in a specific region.
Obviously, all CDN servers and unnecessary peering (with services, not providers) can be eliminated. In this case, DPI is also not needed, as there will be no sharp jumps in the load in peak hours.
P2P banking services
P2P banking services are pretty widespread and easy to use. All you need in order to take advantage of bank-focused platforms is a user account from a key provider.
P2P in social media
The use of social media for sending payments in peer-to-peer exchanges has been discussed. WhatsApp is a striking example of a messenger that has launched a funds transfer system. However, when developing such an application, it is impossible to guarantee comprehensive application security.
Discrete P2P service
PayPal, Venmo and other systems are not linked to specific banks. You can keep your money in a digital wallet and make payments directly over bank cards. This type of service supports both Mastercard and Visa, so you don’t need to withdraw the funds from your bank account.
P2P mobile OS
Unlike Venmo, a P2P mobile OS is not an app in the accepted meaning. ApplePay service, same as AndroidPay, is originally built into gadgets. But note that only the latest iPhone models and newer Android smartphones support NFC technology. One should distinguish between the above mentioned ApplePay and AndroidPay, which are contactless payment platforms and systems available for download in play stores.
The strictest definitions of a pure peer-to-peer network treat it as a fully distributed system in which all nodes are absolutely equal in terms of functionality and tasks performed. Systems based on the idea of super nodes (nodes acting as dynamically assigned local mini-servers) do not correspond to such a definition.
According to a broader description, P2P is a class of applications that use resources — hard disks, CPU cycles and content — available at the edge of the Internet cloud. Thus, it is also suitable for systems that use centralized servers for their operation.
The main characteristics of architecture of the peer-to-peer network blockchain are as follows:
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